@article{1421,
  keywords = {Laser spectroscopy, Standoff sensing, Target tracking, Source attribution},
  author = {Michael Soskind and Nathan Li and Daniel Moore and Yifeng Chen and Lars Wendt and James McSpiritt and Mark Zondlo and Gerard Wysocki},
  title = {Stationary and drone-assisted methane plume localization with dispersion spectroscopy},
  abstract = {This work presents stationary and mobile retroreflector-based remote sensing techniques for methane leak localization and quantification using chirped laser dispersion spectroscopy equipped with a custom laser transceiver capable of continuous tracking of a flying drone and coupled with inverse atmospheric gas dispersion modeling. The techniques demonstrate the ability to localize leaks as low as 0.13~g CH4{\textperiodcentered}s-1, which are up to 25 times smaller than those typically observed at natural gas facilities, as well as actively track a moving retroreflector mounted on a lightweight (\~{}250~g) drone to enable spatial plume reconstruction. This system exhibited a 2.3~ppm-m sensitivity over pathlengths of 40{\textendash}150~m. Source localization to within {\textpm}7~m is demonstrated using a modified horizontal radial plume mapping technique with a stationary retroreflector grid. Meanwhile, the mobile system utilizing a drone-mounted retroreflector is able to localize a controlled release within {\textpm}1~m of its source location and estimate leak rates using inversion techniques assuming type B Gaussian plume stability class within {\textpm}30\% error with respect to the actual low flow rate releases.},
  year = {2023},
  journal = {Remote Sensing of Environment},
  volume = {289},
  pages = {113513},
  issn = {0034-4257},
  url = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0034425723000640},
  doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2023.113513},
}